Common Mormon (Papilio polytes)

Papilio polytes (common Mormon) is a widespread swallowtail butterfly found across South and Southeast Asia. It is best known for the remarkable mimicry displayed by its females, which occur in multiple forms—some resembling unpalatable butterflies like the common rose (Pachliopta aristolochiae) to deter predators. Males are black with white spots on the hindwings, while mimetic females often feature striking red and white markings. Active in gardens, forests, and agricultural areas, they are strong fliers and frequent flower visitors. The larvae feed mainly on citrus plants (Rutaceae), making this species both an important pollinator and a minor agricultural pest.