Asian Common Toad (Duttaphrynus melanostictus)

Duttaphrynus melanostictus (Asian common toad or black-spined toad) is a widespread amphibian native to South and Southeast Asia. It has a stout body, warty skin with dark spiny ridges, and a brown to gray coloration that helps it blend into its surroundings. Highly adaptable, it thrives in forests, grasslands, agricultural fields, and urban areas. Primarily nocturnal, it feeds on insects and other small invertebrates, making it beneficial for natural pest control. When threatened, it secretes toxins from its skin glands as a defense, which can deter predators but is generally harmless to humans if not ingested.